transdermal delivery of insulin by biodegradable chitosan nanoparticles: exvivo and in vivo studies

insulin-loaded biodegradable chitosan nanoparticle was prepared by the polyelec-trolyte complex formation method. the prepared nanoparticles were in the size of 110 nm and had high entrapment (91.0%) capacity. the transdermal nanoinsulin was characterized by in vivo hypoglycemic effects. plasma glucose was decreased to the range of 80.34 to 96.74 mg/dl, and insulin levels were increased to the range of 21.62 to 45.80 µiu/ml for up to 60 h. the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters like auc, cmax, tmax and relative bioavailability of transdermal patch loaded insulin-chitosan nanoparticles were 3153.36 µiu/ml/h, 45.80 µiu/ml, 8 h and 20.02%, respectively.